Pseudouridine Triphosphate (Pseudo-UTP) modified mRNA exhibits longer half-life, a better translation efficiency and its immunological properties are improved.

LITERATURE

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Feeder-Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Messenger RNA, L. Warren et al., 2012, Sci Rep., Vol. 2, p. 657.

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Nucleoside modifications in RNA limit activation of 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase and increase resistance to cleavage by RNase L, B. Anderson et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 39(21), p. 9329-9338.

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Generating the optimal mRNA for therapy: HPLC purification eliminates immune activation and improves translation of nucleoside-modified, protein-encoding mRNA, K. Karikó et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 39(21), p. e142.

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Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA enhances translation by diminishing PKR activation, B. Anderson et al., 2010, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 38(17), p. 5884-5892.

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Highly Efficient Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Directed Differentiation of Human Cells with Synthetic Modified mRNA, L. Warren et al., 2010, Cell Stem Cell, Vol. 7(5), p. 618-630.

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Incorporation of Pseudouridine Into mRNA Yields Superior Nonimmunogenic Vector With Increased Translational Capacity and Biological Stability, K. Karikó et al., 2008, Molecular Therapy, Vol. 16(11), p. 1833-1840.

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Norovirus Proteinase-Polymerase and Polymerase Are Both Active Forms of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, G. Belliot et al., 2005, Journal of Virology, Vol. 79(4), p. 2393-2403.

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Suppression of RNA Recognition by Toll-like Receptors: The Impact of Nucleoside Modification and the Evolutionary Origin of RNA, K. Karikó et al., 2005, Immunity, Vol. 23(2), p. 165-175.

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Pseudouridine in RNA: What, Where, How, and Why, M. Charette et al., 2000, IUBMB Life, Vol. 49(5), p. 341-351.

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Comparative Utilization of Pseudouridine Triphosphate and Uridine Triphosphate by Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase, I. Goldberg et al., 1963, J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 238(5), p. 1793-1800.

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5-Ethynyluridine: A Bio-orthogonal Uridine Variant for mRNA-Based Therapies and Vaccines, S. Maassen et al., 2023, ChemBioChem, Vol. 24(5), e202200658.

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Incorporation of Synthetic mRNA in Injectable Chitosan-Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels for Local and Sustained Expression of Exogenous Proteins in Cells, H. Steinle et al., 2018, Int. J. Mol. Sci., Vol. 19(5), p. 1313.

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Prediction of lipid nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines by the machine learning algorithm, W. Wang et al., 2022, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Vol. 12(6), p. 2950-2962.

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